Illhveli
Ringkasan
Illhveli ("paus jahat") adalah monster laut mitos berwujud paus dalam cerita rakyat Islandia yang menghancurkan kapal dan namanya dianggap tabu.
The illhveli ("evil whales") are mythical whale-like sea monsters of Icelandic folklore that smash ships and whose names were taboo.
Kisah dan tradisi
Illhveli, yang berarti "paus jahat" dalam bahasa Islandia, adalah monster laut mitos berwujud paus atau beragam wujud yang konon menghuni perairan Islandia dan agresif terhadap manusia. Orang Islandia membedakan paus "baik", yang menolong orang tenggelam, dari paus "jahat", yang menghancurkan kapal dan memangsa orang tenggelam; paus sperma, narwhal, dan sebagian paus mitos dianggap jahat. Nama-nama illhveli tabu diucapkan, dan pelanggarnya dihukum tidak diberi makan. Sebuah kumpulan cerita rakyat Islandia lama mencatat bahwa di laut orang tidak pernah menyebut "paus" melainkan "ikan besar" (stórfisk), karena paus yang namanya diucapkan akan datang dan ingin menghancurkan kapal. Illhveli dipercaya begitu rakus sehingga mencaplok kapal beserta awaknya, meremukkannya, dan menelan orang-orangnya; banyak di antaranya dianggap tidak layak dimakan, dan hukum melarang memakan sebagian dari mereka. Paus rorqual (reyðarhvalir) dipercaya melindungi kapal dari illhveli dengan mengusir dan menindih mereka. Illhveli konon dapat dikenali karena semburannya hanya air tanpa "asap", berbeda dengan paus baik. Jenis-jenis yang disebut antara lain hrosshveli yang berwujud dan meringkik seperti kuda, nauthveli atau fjósi yang terbesar selain lyngbakur, dan rauðkembingur yang berambut merah di punggungnya.
The illhveli, meaning "evil whales" in Icelandic, are mythical whale-like or polymorphous sea monsters said to live in Icelandic waters and to be aggressive towards people. Icelanders distinguished "good" whales, which helped the drowning, from "evil" ones, which smashed ships and devoured the drowning; the sperm whale, the narwhal and some mythical whales were counted as evil. The names of the illhveli were taboo, and anyone who spoke them was left without food. An old Icelandic folklore collection records that at sea people never said "whale" but "big fish" (stórfisk), because a whale whose name was spoken would come and try to destroy the boat. The illhveli were believed so greedy that they took a boat with its crew into their jaws, smashed it and swallowed the men; many were considered inedible, and the law forbade eating some of them. Rorquals (reyðarhvalir) were believed to protect boats from the illhveli by driving them off and lying on them. Illhveli could reportedly be recognised because their blow was only spray without "smoke", unlike good whales. Kinds named include the hrosshveli, shaped like a horse and neighing like one, the nauthveli or fjósi, the largest apart from the lyngbakur, and the rauðkembingur with red hair along its back.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Islandia
- Kawasan / Region
- Eropa
- Negara / Country
- Iceland
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Aquatic
- Habitat
- Water
Nama lain / Alternate names
Илхвели
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Orang yang mengucapkan nama illhveli konon dihukum tidak diberi makan.
Anyone who spoke an illhveli's name was reportedly left without food.