Helios

Helios
Ilustrasi editorial · interpretasi artistik AI

Ringkasan

Helios adalah dewa matahari Yunani yang mengendarai kereta emas melintasi langit setiap hari.

Helios is the Greek sun god who drives a golden chariot across the sky each day.

Kisah dan tradisi

Helios adalah dewa matahari Yunani, anak Hyperion dan Theia serta saudara Selene dan Eos. Ia dikisahkan membawa matahari dari timur ke barat dengan kereta emas yang ditarik empat kuda bersayap, dan juga disebut penjaga sumpah serta dewa penglihatan. Ia tinggal di istana emas di Sungai Okeanos di ujung bumi, lalu menyeberang kembali ke tempat terbitnya dengan cawan emas atau, menurut penyair kemudian, perahu emas buatan Hephaestus. Ia digambarkan sebagai pria tampan, biasanya tak berjanggut, berjubah ungu dan bermahkota lingkar cahaya matahari; dalam seni Yunani dan Romawi ia biasanya pemuda bermahkota sinar matahari. Helios diidentifikasi dengan dewa api dan cahaya lain seperti Hephaistos dan Phoibos Apollon, dan kaitan Apollo dengan Matahari makin kuat sejak periode Helenistik. Ia disebut mengetahui segalanya: ia membongkar kepada Hephaestus ketidaksetiaan Aphrodite dan memberi tahu Demeter tentang penculikan putrinya, tetapi tidak tahu bahwa kawan-kawan Odysseus mencuri sapinya sampai diberi tahu oleh Lampetia. Putranya, Phaethon, mencoba mengendarai kereta matahari, tetapi gagal menguasai kuda-kudanya, membakar bumi, dan disambar petir Zeus. Sapi keramat Helios di Thrinacia pernah dicuri raksasa Alkyoneus dan dibalas Hercules; kemudian kawan-kawan Odysseus memakan sebagian kawanannya, sehingga Helios meminta bantuan Zeus yang menghancurkan kapal dan menenggelamkan awaknya. Ketika Hercules mengancam menembaknya karena terik matahari, Helios justru menghadiahinya mangkuk emas. Helios juga memiliki anak dari Perseis, yaitu Circe dan Aietes. Pemujaan Helios tidak meluas, tetapi di Yunani tempat pemujaan yang penting adalah Rhodes, tempat pertandingan Halieia diadakan setiap lima tahun dan setiap tahun sebuah kereta dengan empat kuda dilemparkan ke laut sebagai persembahan. Persembahan kepadanya berupa domba jantan putih, babi hutan, banteng, kambing, anak domba, terutama kuda putih, dan madu, dan ayam jantan keramat baginya. Dalam konteks Romawi ia juga dikenal sebagai Sol. Sebuah vas Yunani di sebuah museum menuliskan namanya dalam huruf Yunani kuno, dan panduan museum itu menyebut arus Ocean yang diyakini mengelilingi bumi.

Helios is the Greek sun god, child of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Selene and Eos. He is said to carry the sun east to west in a golden chariot drawn by four winged horses, and is also called a guardian of oaths and god of sight. His golden palace stood in the River Okeanos at the earth's far ends, and he returned to his rising place in a golden cup or, according to later poets, a golden boat made by Hephaestus. He was depicted as a handsome, usually beardless man in purple robes, crowned with the shining aureole of the sun; in Greek and Roman art he is usually a youth wearing a crown of sun rays. Helios was identified with other gods of fire and light such as Hephaistos and Phoibos Apollon, and the link between Apollo and the Sun grew stronger from the Hellenistic period. He is said to know everything: he betrayed Aphrodite's faithlessness to Hephaestus and told Demeter of the carrying off of her daughter, yet was unaware that the companions of Odysseus robbed his oxen until Lampetia informed him. His son Phaethon tried to drive the sun chariot but could not control its horses, set the earth ablaze, and was struck down by Zeus's thunderbolt. The sacred cattle of Helios on Thrinacia were once stolen by the giant Alkyoneus and avenged by Hercules; later the comrades of Odysseus ate part of his flock, so Helios enlisted Zeus, who destroyed the ship and drowned the crew. When Hercules threatened to shoot him because of the burning sun, Helios instead rewarded him with a golden bowl. Helios also had children by Perseis, Circe and Aietes. Worship of Helios was not widespread, but the one important place in Greece was Rhodes, where the Halieia games were held every five years and each year a chariot and four horses were thrown into the sea as an offering. Sacrificial victims included white rams, boars, bulls, goats, and lambs, with white horses singled out, and honey was offered too; the cock was sacred to him. In Roman contexts he was also known as Sol. A Greek vase in a museum bears his name in ancient Greek letters, and the museum guide describes the stream Ocean, believed to encircle the earth.

Konteks budaya

Pemujaan Helios tidak meluas di Yunani; menurut Plato banyak orang, termasuk Socrates, menyambut Matahari dan berdoa setiap hari, sedangkan di Rhodes ia dipuja dengan pertandingan dan persembahan kereta.

Worship of Helios was not widespread in Greece; according to Plato many people, including Socrates, greeted the Sun and prayed daily, while on Rhodes he was honored with games and the offering of a chariot.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture
Mitologi Yunani
Kawasan / Region
Eropa
Klasifikasi / Classification
Deity
Kemampuan / Abilities
Kereta matahari, Melihat dan mendengar segalanya, Penjaga sumpah dan dewa penglihatan, Membalas penghinaan melalui Zeus

Nama lain / Alternate names

Helius, Sol

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Hercules pernah mengancam menembak Helios karena terik matahari, tetapi Helios justru menghadiahinya mangkuk emas untuk berlayar lebih nyaman.

Hercules once threatened to shoot Helios over the burning sun, but Helios instead gave him a golden bowl to sail more comfortably.

Makhluk terkait / Related beings

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