Tigmamanukan

Ringkasan

Tigmamanukan adalah burung pertanda dalam kepercayaan Tagalog; arah terbang dan kicauannya menjadi pertanda perjalanan, dan sebelum Kristenisasi ia diyakini diutus Bathala.

The tigmamanukan is an omen bird of Tagalog belief; the direction of its flight and its song served as omens for journeys, and before Christianisation it was believed sent by Bathala.

Kisah dan tradisi

Dalam mitologi Filipina, orang Tagalog meyakini tigmamanukan sebagai burung pertanda. Di antara burung dan kadal lain yang diamati sebagai pertanda, perhatian khusus diberikan kepadanya. Sebelum Kristenisasi, ia diyakini diutus Bathala, dewa tertinggi dan pencipta, sebagai orakel bagi manusia tentang perlu tidaknya melanjutkan perjalanan. Sebuah teks lama menyebut burung bernama Tigmamanuguin yang berkicau di pohon: bila bertemu burung itu, atau ular, tikus, atau orang yang bersin, orang segera pulang karena menganggapnya pertanda celaka, terutama saat burung itu berkicau. Kicaunya punya dua bentuk, satu dianggap pertanda buruk dan yang lain pertanda baik sehingga perjalanan dilanjutkan. Menurut kamus bahasa Tagalog tahun 1613 karya San Buenaventura, bila tigmamanukan terbang melintas ke kanan di awal perjalanan, perjalanan itu akan berhasil; bila ke kiri, para pengembara pasti tidak akan kembali, dan tanda itu disebut labay. Dikatakan pula bahwa pemburu yang menangkap tigmamanukan dalam jerat memotong paruhnya lalu melepaskannya sambil memohon agar burung itu berkicau di kanan. Dalam sedikitnya satu versi mitos penciptaan, Tigmamanukan membuka bambu tempat laki-laki pertama, Malakas, dan perempuan pertama, Maganda, keluar; dikatakan ia dinamai Manaul oleh Bathala, sedangkan sumber lain menyebut wujud burung Amihan yang mematuk bambu. Sebagian penjelajah Barat awal mengira burung ini burung biru peri (genus Irena), dan kebanyakan sumber sepakat bahwa ia berwarna biru; di Filipina kuno banyak burung pertanda lain juga berbulu biru.

In Philippine mythology, the Tagalogs believed the tigmamanukan to be an omen bird. Among the other birds and lizards watched for omens, particular attention was paid to it. Before Christianisation it was believed to be sent by Bathala, the supreme deity and creator god, as an oracle to mankind about whether or not to proceed on a journey. An early text mentions a bird called Tigmamanuguin singing in a tree: on meeting it, or a serpent, a rat or someone who sneezed, people returned home at once, taking it as an augury of harm, especially when the bird sang. Its song had two forms, one taken as an evil omen and the other as a good omen, after which the journey went on. According to San Buenaventura's 1613 Dictionary of the Tagalog Language, if a tigmamanukan flew across the path to the right at the start of a journey the expedition would succeed, and if it flew to the left the travelers would surely never return; the sign was called labay. It was also said that a hunter who trapped a tigmamanukan cut its beak and released it, asking it to sing on the right. In at least one telling of the creation myth, the Tigmamanukan opened the bamboo from which the first man, Malakas, and first woman, Maganda, emerged; it is said to have been named Manaul by Bathala, while other sources say it was Amihan's bird form that pecked the bamboo. Some early Western explorers took the bird to be a fairy bluebird (genus Irena), and most sources agree it was blue; many other omen birds of ancient Philippines were also blue-plumaged.

Konteks budaya

Orang Tagalog memperhatikan burung dan makhluk lain yang melintas sebagai pertanda; menurut sebuah teks lama, bertemu burung Tigmamanuguin yang berkicau dapat membuat mereka segera pulang, dan sebelum Kristenisasi tigmamanukan diyakini diutus Bathala sebagai orakel tentang perjalanan.

The Tagalogs watched birds and other creatures crossing their path for omens; according to an early text, meeting a singing Tigmamanuguin bird could make them return home at once, and before Christianisation the tigmamanukan was believed sent by Bathala as an oracle about journeys.

Fakta utama

Budaya / Culture: Folklor Filipina
Kawasan / Region: Asia Tenggara
Negara / Country: Philippines
Klasifikasi / Classification: Bird
Kemampuan / Abilities: Memberi pertanda

Nama lain / Alternate names

Tigmamanuguin, Tigmamanukin, Tigmamanok, Tigmamanuquin

Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?

Konon bila pemburu menangkap tigmamanukan dalam jerat, ia memotong paruhnya lalu melepaskannya sambil memohon agar burung itu berkicau di sebelah kanan saat ia berangkat.

It was said that a hunter who trapped a tigmamanukan would cut its beak and release it, asking it to sing on the right when he set forth.