Viracocha
Ringkasan
Viracocha adalah dewa pencipta dan dewa tertinggi dalam mitologi pra-Inca dan Inca di wilayah Andes. Menurut mitos ia berwujud manusia berjanggut dan memerintahkan pembangunan Tiwanaku.
Viracocha is the creator and supreme deity in pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region. According to myth he had human appearance, was bearded, and ordered the construction of Tiwanaku.
Kisah dan tradisi
Viracocha adalah dewa pencipta dan dewa tertinggi dalam mitologi pra-Inca dan Inca di wilayah Andes. Ia dianggap membentuk bumi, langit, matahari, bulan, dan semua makhluk hidup, dan ia dipuja sebagai dewa matahari dan badai. Menurut sumber lain, ia adalah dewa terpenting dalam jajaran dewa Inca dan sangat lekat dengan laut. Menurut mitos, Viracocha berwujud manusia dan umumnya dianggap berjanggut. Dalam versi yang dicatat dari sumber Spanyol, ia bangkit dari Danau Titicaca pada masa kegelapan, membuat matahari, bulan, dan bintang, lalu menciptakan raksasa yang kemudian dimusnahkan dengan banjir sebelum membuat manusia yang lebih baik. Dalam penuturan lain, manusia dibuat dari tanah liat setelah raksasa batu dihukum dengan banjir. Kisah "dewa putih" dianggap sebagian besar sarjana modern sebagai rekaan Spanyol pascapenaklukan, karena kulit putihnya tidak disebut dalam legenda asli bangsa Inca. Setelah selesai berkarya, ia dipercaya berkelana, mengajar manusia, dan membawa seni peradaban, lalu menuju barat melintasi Pasifik dan berjanji suatu hari kembali. Dalam perjalanannya ia berpakaian pengemis dan dibantu dua putra atau saudara, Imaymana Viracocha dan Tocapo Viracocha. Viracocha sudah dipuja bangsa pra-Inca di Peru sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam jajaran dewa Inca. Di Cuzco ia dipuja dan memiliki kuil serta patung, tetapi ia terutama dipuja kaum bangsawan pada masa krisis politik. Dalam seni, ia sering digambarkan sebagai lelaki tua berjanggut berjubah panjang yang ditopang tongkat.
Viracocha is the creator and supreme deity in pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region. He is said to have formed the earth, heavens, sun, moon and all living beings, and he was worshipped as god of the sun and of storms. According to another source, he was the most important deity in the Inca pantheon and intimately associated with the sea. According to myth, Viracocha had human appearance and was generally considered bearded. In a version recorded from Spanish sources, he rose from Lake Titicaca in the time of darkness, made the sun, moon and stars, and created giants who were destroyed by a flood before he made better humans. In another telling, humans were made of clay after the stone giants were punished with a flood. Most modern scholars regard the "white god" story as a Spanish invention made after the conquest, since his whiteness is absent from the original Inca legends. When his work was finished he was believed to have travelled, teaching humanity and bringing the civilised arts, before heading west across the Pacific and promising one day to return. On his travels he dressed as a beggar and was assisted by two sons or brothers, Imaymana Viracocha and Tocapo Viracocha. Peruvian peoples before the Inca already worshipped Viracocha, and he was later taken into the Inca pantheon. At Cuzco he had worship, temples and statues, yet his devotees were chiefly nobles at times of political crisis. In art he is often shown as an elderly bearded man in a long robe leaning on a staff.
Konteks budaya
Menurut salah satu sumber, karena dewa Inca lain lebih berperan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari rakyat biasa, Viracocha terutama dipuja kaum bangsawan, biasanya pada masa krisis politik.
One source says that, since other Inca gods mattered more to ordinary people in everyday life, Viracocha was mainly honoured by the nobility, typically during political crises.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Amerika Selatan (kelompok regional)
- Kawasan / Region
- Amerika Selatan
- Negara / Country
- Peru
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Habitat
- Water
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Penciptaan, Berjalan di atas air
Nama lain / Alternate names
Wiraqocha, Huiracocha, Ticsi Viracocha, Contiti Viracocha, Ilya, Wiraqoca Pacayacaciq
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Salah satu sebutan sang dewa, Kon-Tiki Viracocha, menjadi sumber nama rakit milik Thor Heyerdahl.
One epithet of the god, Kon-Tiki Viracocha, was the source of the name of Thor Heyerdahl's raft.