Tangaroa
Ringkasan
Tangaroa adalah atua (dewa) agung laut, danau, sungai, dan makhluk yang hidup di dalamnya, terutama ikan, dalam mitologi Māori.
In Māori mythology Tangaroa is the principal atua (god) of the sea, of lakes and rivers, and of the creatures that inhabit them, fish above all.
Kisah dan tradisi
Dalam mitologi Māori, Tangaroa (Takaroa dalam dialek South Island) adalah atua agung laut, danau, sungai, dan makhluk yang hidup di dalamnya, terutama ikan. Sebagai Tangaroa-whakamau-tai ia mengendalikan pasang surut, dan ia kadang digambarkan sebagai paus. Shortland mencatat Tangaroa sebagai leluhur ikan dan pounamu, dan sumber lain mencatat ia ayah banyak makhluk laut. Tangaroa adalah putra Ranginui dan Papatūānuku, Langit dan Bumi. Setelah bergabung dengan saudara-saudaranya Rongo, Tū, Haumia, dan Tāne memisahkan orang tua mereka secara paksa, ia diserang saudaranya Tāwhirimātea, atua badai, dan terpaksa bersembunyi di laut. Pertentangannya dengan Tāne Mahuta menandakan bahwa orang Māori memandang lautan dan daratan sebagai ranah yang berlawanan, sehingga persembahan perlu diberikan kepada Tangaroa sebelum orang pergi ke laut. Tradisi mencatat versi lain. Versi Kāi Tahu menyebut Takaroa putra Temoretu dan menjadikan Papatūānuku istrinya, sedangkan Shortland dan Dixon mencatat kisah tentang Tangaroa yang menombak paha Rangi. Dalam kisah Ihenga yang dicatat Shortland, Tangaroa mengirim belut ketika dipanggil lewat karakia. Di luar tradisi Māori, Tangaroa dikenal di Cook Islands; di Rarotonga ia dewa laut dan kesuburan dan yang terpenting di antara dewa-dewa departemental, sedangkan di Manihiki ia adalah dewa api tempat Māui mencuri api. Dalam tradisi Western Polynesian seperti Samoa dan Tonga, Tangaloa dianggap dewa tertinggi dan pencipta, sedangkan di Hawaiʻi dewa samudra disebut Kanaloa. Dixon juga memuat keterangan plat tentang patung kayu Tangaroa Upao Vahu, dewa laut yang digambarkan sedang menciptakan dewa-dewa lain dan manusia.
In Māori mythology Tangaroa (called Takaroa in the South Island dialect) is the principal atua of the sea, of lakes and rivers, and of the creatures that inhabit them, fish above all. As Tangaroa-whakamau-tai he controls the tides, and he is at times pictured as a whale. Shortland records Tangaroa as the ancestor of fish and of pounamu, and another source describes him as father of many sea creatures. Tangaroa is a son of Ranginui and Papatūānuku, Sky and Earth. He joined his brothers Rongo, Tū, Haumia and Tāne in forcing their parents apart, and was then attacked by his brother Tāwhirimātea, atua of storms, and driven to hide in the sea. His rivalry with Tāne Mahuta shows that the Māori saw the ocean and land as opposed realms, so offerings must be made to Tangaroa before people go to sea. The tradition preserves other versions. The Kāi Tahu version makes Takaroa the son of Temoretu and Papatūānuku his wife, while Shortland and Dixon record tales of Tangaroa spearing Rangi in the thigh. In the story of Ihenga recorded by Shortland, Tangaroa sends eels when invoked through a karakia. Beyond Māori tradition, Tangaroa is known in the Cook Islands; in Rarotonga he is the god of sea and fertility and the foremost of the departmental gods, while in Manihiki he is the fire deity Māui steals from. Western Polynesian traditions such as those of Samoa and Tonga treat Tangaloa as the supreme creator god, whereas in Hawaiʻi the ocean god is called Kanaloa. Dixon also includes a plate caption for a wooden figure of Tangaroa Upao Vahu, a sea-deity shown creating other gods and men.
Konteks budaya
Persembahan perlu diberikan kepada Tangaroa sebelum orang pergi ke laut untuk menangkap ikan atau bepergian, karena mereka memasuki ranah musuh Tāne Mahuta.
Offerings need to be made to Tangaroa before people go to sea to fish or travel, because they enter the realm of Tāne Mahuta's enemy.
Fakta utama
- Budaya / Culture
- Tradisi Māori
- Kawasan / Region
- Oseania
- Negara / Country
- New Zealand, Cook Islands
- Klasifikasi / Classification
- Deity
- Habitat
- Water
- Kemampuan / Abilities
- Mengendalikan pasang surut
Nama lain / Alternate names
Takaroa, Tangaroa-whakamau-tai
Tahukah kamu? / Did you know?
Di Hawaiʻi, dewa samudra, penyembuhan, dan perjalanan jauh disebut Kanaloa, istilah sepadan dengan Tangaroa dalam bahasa Hawaii.
In Hawaiʻi, the god of the ocean, healing and long travels is called Kanaloa, the Hawaiian-language counterpart of Tangaroa.